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Nataraja or Nataraj ('The Lord - or King - of Dance'; Tamil: Kooththan) is a depiction of the Hindu god Shiva as the cosmic dancer Koothan who performs his divine dance to destroy a weary universe and make preparations for god Brahma to start the process of creation.<br/><br/> Ravana Phadi cave temple is one of the oldest rock cut temples in Aihole and dates back to the 6th century CE. It is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. The cave contains a Shivalinga in the inner room or sanctum sanctorum. The sanctum has a vestibule with a triple entrance and has carved pillars. The walls and sides of the temple are covered with large figures including a figure of Nataraja (Shiva) dancing, surrounded by the Saptamatrikas (Seven Mothers).
Ravana Phadi cave temple is one of the oldest rock cut temples in Aihole and dates back to the 6th century CE. It is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. The cave contains a Shivalinga in the inner room or sanctum sanctorum. The sanctum has a vestibule with a triple entrance and has carved pillars. The walls and sides of the temple are covered with large figures including a figure of Nataraja (Shiva) dancing, surrounded by the Saptamatrikas (Seven Mothers).
Nataraja or Nataraj ('The Lord - or King - of Dance'; Tamil: Kooththan) is a depiction of the Hindu god Shiva as the cosmic dancer Koothan who performs his divine dance to destroy a weary universe and make preparations for god Brahma to start the process of creation.<br/><br/> Ravana Phadi cave temple is one of the oldest rock cut temples in Aihole and dates back to the 6th century CE. It is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. The cave contains a Shivalinga in the inner room or sanctum sanctorum. The sanctum has a vestibule with a triple entrance and has carved pillars. The walls and sides of the temple are covered with large figures including a figure of Nataraja (Shiva) dancing, surrounded by the Saptamatrikas (Seven Mothers).
Ravana Phadi cave temple is one of the oldest rock cut temples in Aihole and dates back to the 6th century CE. It is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. The cave contains a Shivalinga in the inner room or sanctum sanctorum. The sanctum has a vestibule with a triple entrance and has carved pillars. The walls and sides of the temple are covered with large figures including a figure of Nataraja (Shiva) dancing, surrounded by the Saptamatrikas (Seven Mothers).
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
The Paradesi Synagogue (also known as the Cochin Jewish Synagogue or the Mattancherry Synagogue) is the oldest active synagogue in India and also the Commonwealth of Nations. Constructed in 1568, it is one of seven synagogues of the Malabar Yehudan people or Cochin Jewish community. The Paradesi is the only synagogue still active of the original seven.<br/><br/> The Malabari Jews (also known as Cochin Jews) formed a prosperous trading community of Kerala, and they controlled a major portion of the world wide spice trade. In 1568, the Jews of Kerala constructed the Paradesi Synagogue adjacent to the Mattancherry Palace, Cochin, now part of the Indian city of Ernakulam, on land given to them by the Raja of Kochi.
A Dancing Girl and her assistants - watercolour from South India (19th century).
Male and female gardeners. Watercolour from South India (19th century).
Raja Raja Chozhan I (Tamil: ராஜ ராஜ சோழன்), popularly known as Raja Raja the Great, is one of the greatest emperors of the Tamil Chola Empire of India who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE.<br/><br/> By conquering several small kingdoms in South India, he expanded the Chola Empire as far as Sri Lanka in the south, and Kalinga (Odisha) in the northeast. He fought many battles with the Chalukyas to the north and the Pandyas to the south. By conquering Vengi, Rajaraja laid the foundation for the Later Chola dynasty. He invaded Sri Lanka and started a century-long Chola occupation of the island.
The economy of the Anuradhapura Kingdom was based mainly on agriculture.<br/><br/> Currency was often used for settling judicial fines, taxes and payments for goods or services. However, remuneration for services to the king, officials and temples were often made in the form of land revenue.<br/><br/> The oldest coins found at Anuradhapura date up to 200 BCE. These earliest coins were punch marked rectangular pieces of silver known as kahavanu. These eventually became circular in shape, which were in turn followed by die struck coins. Uncoined metals, particularly gold and silver, were used for trading as well. Patterns of elephants, horses, swastika and Dharmacakra were commonly imprinted on the coins of this period.
Shiva (Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, meaning 'auspicious one' ) is a major Hindu deity, and is the destroyer god or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine. In the Shaiva tradition of Hinduism, Shiva is seen as the Supreme God. In the Smarta tradition, he is regarded as one of the five primary forms of God. Followers of Hinduism who focus their worship upon Shiva are called Shaivites or Shaivas (Sanskrit Śaiva).<br/><br/> Uma or Parvati (Sanskrit: पार्वती (IAST: Pārvatī)) is a Hindu goddess. Parvati is Shakti herself, considered as wife of Shiva, albeit the gentle aspect of Mahadevi, the Supreme Goddess. Parvati is sometimes considered as the supreme Divine Mother and all other goddesses are referred to as her incarnations or manifestations.